Nili-Ravi
Nili-Ravi Buffalo date back to the Indus River Valley civilizations when they were two different buffalo; Nili and Ravi. However, due to coincidental standards, both breeds looked very similar and it became hard to distinguish the two. So, in 1950 the two breeds became one, Nili-Ravi.
The Nili-Ravi buffalo is a milk type of buffalo breed. They are found mainly in Lahore, Sheikhupura, Faisalabad, Sahiwal, Multan and Bahawal Nagar districts in Punjab Province. Their color is black and their average weight at maturity is 800 kg for the male and 525 kg for the female.
They have a wedge shape, massive frame, small curly horns, and wall eyes. They often have white markings on the forehead, face, muzzle and legs and white switch of tail (buffaloes with such markings high desired and popularly called "Panj Kalian"). They have a large, strong udder and are generally docile. Average age at maturity is 30 months in males and 36 months in females. Longevity of production is good. White markings extending above hock and knee and over the neck and body, constitute a serious disqualification.
GPS trackers with geofencing capabilities are advanced technologies that allow farmers to monitor the real-time location of their livestock while also setting virtual boundaries around grazing areas. A geofence is essentially a virtual perimeter created around a specific location, which can be set up using GPS technology. Once the Nili-Ravi cattle equipped with GPS trackers move outside of these predefined boundaries, the system sends an immediate alert to the farmer. This tool combines real-time tracking and location-based monitoring to ensure cattle are safely grazing within designated areas, reducing risks and improving overall management.
